Beethoven Interpretations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beethoven Interpretations - Essay Example Originally a dedication to Napoleon Bonaparte Eroica was changed once Napoleon declared himself Emperor. I chose Eroica for the symbolism, beliefs and ideas that are represented with the symphony. Eroica has become one of the most analyzed musical pieces in history, filled with concepts such as heroism, death, apotheosis and revolution (Beethoven’s†¦). Because the Eroica was longer than most pieces it was generally performed towards the start of most concerts and was also known as Symphony No. 3 in E Flat. The Eroica consists of four movements with the first movement being the ‘Allegro con brio,’ the key is E Flat major in Sonata form (The Symphony†¦). Though Eroica has been performed by many composers and symphony’s Anton Rubinstein recorded and released his performance or Eroica of June in 1994. He included four movements as well, and in listening to the first movement it is easily evident that Rubinstein employed a slower tempo. It is easy to distinguish among the instruments in the orchestra and when the tempo begins to build there is a feeling of expectation and excitement as the listener waits to find out what other musical delight will be provided. Rubinstein’s Eroica is almost whimsical and would fit well in a children’s dramatic scene as soundtrack accompaniment (Featured†¦). I almost prefer the tempo used in the Rubinstein piece as it produces a much more calming and tranquil effect. The instrument that most stand out is the strings and of course the piano, though it is blended well with the other instruments in the arrangement. It is also possible in one of the calm periods to hear what may be a flute or some other delicate instrument that would otherwise be overpowered during the rest of the arrangement. The Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra also recorded the Eroica in June of 2007. Budapest Orchestra recorded each movement of Eroica in E Flat major. Movement one, Allegro Con Brio, sounds quite a bit

Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analysis - Term Paper Example As the market is changing and including more and more firms in the business scenario, a proper screening of the environment is part and parcel of a firm’s success. ‘It is essential for a business enterprise to keep itself aware of surrounding environment because the success of business depends to a great extent on its awareness about surrounding environment’ (Jain et al. 2010, p.84) PESTLE Analysis In order to analyze the business environment for M&S we will first use the PESTLE analysis. ‘Political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) analysis is an analytical tool for assessing the impact of external contexts.’ (Basu 2011, p.21) a. Political The UK retailer is faced with the changing setup in terms of the political environment. Although the company enjoys a fairly stable government with stable policies regarding the economy and the retail business as a whole, but changes have been brought into the system due to the rece nt terror vibes. However the efficient UK government has tapped this issue with proper security plans. The company is a part of the system where the tax net is not too high as compared to other countries. Also the international trade agreement with China for instance has been relaxed with the new double tax treaty that reduces taxes, thus facilitating opportunities of global trade. b. Economic The economy in which Marks and Spencer is operating is one of the largest economies of the world with a loose monetary policy and a stable employment scenario. The company does face the risks of sudden financial upheavals like the 2007-2009 financial crises that originated in the US mortgage market but influenced the entire world especially the larger economies. So M&S have to keep a continuous check on the global outlook and the UK’s economic indicators and their trends in order to fully capitalize on the economy. c. Social In terms of the social factors M&S has to analyze the local en vironment as well as the foreign territories in which the company operates. The company needs to take into account the youth as they are the lucrative target market for clothing and apparel. Its loyal customer base is now in the age bracket of 50 plus years. It needs to analyze the UK’s youth for their lifestyle which is independent and trendy and portray such vibes in their clothing line. d. Technological The company faces a technological lag as compared to its competitor. The company did not use the plastic money till the 2003 and had no loyalty card schemes for its customers. The company started these cards and schemes along with vouchers and reward points in 2003 much later than its competitors. The technological advances are the most speedy ones these days, with companies using technology in terms of product availability in the form of online deliveries for better customer service etc. M&S needs to keep on adapting to the technological change in order to compete well wit h the rivals. Also UK like other big economies is witnessing an era of online shopping frenzy and this hype needs to be catered through proper implementation of correct design of customer friendly website and the accompanying distribution strategy. e. Legal The laws in the UK are always changing for the better. M&S keep a check on all the new legislations through yearly training. Health and Safety laws, Packaging laws, commercial laws etc have to be maintained

Infections in Hb SD Disease

Infections in Hb SD Disease Case Report HBSD Disease, a compound heterozygote condition presentation with stroke Dr. Hasnain Afzal 1 Dr. Syed Farrukh Umair 2 Abstract Haemoglobin SD ÃŽ ²S/ÃŽ ²D is a rare compound heterozygous Haemoglobinopathy which presents as severe disease similar to homozygous sickle cell anemia(1). The patient being reported is a 8 yr old girl, Kiran who is a resident of Larkana, presented with complains of fever and headache for 15 days which progressed to generalized tonic clonic seizures and acute loss of consciousness while being treated in Larkana. After the child was stabilized, a thorough history, physical examination was done; initial laboratory tests, lumbar puncture, and MRI were performed. Treatment was started on the lines of acute meningoencephalitis on clinical suspicion. On peripheral blood film, sickle shaped cells, target cells, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis were noted and Hb Electrophoresis was sent which showed compound heterozygous state for Hb S/ Hb D. The lumbar puncture was negative for CSF infection and an alternate diagnosis was sought Introduction The adult hemoglobin HbA molecule consists of two ÃŽ ± chains coded by 4 genes on chromosome 16 and two beta chains coded by 2 genes in the ÃŽ ² gene cluster on chromosome 11(2). Sickle Hemoglobulin Hb S is a beta chain variant which occurs when valine is substituted for glutamic acid on the surface of the Hb S molecule in the sixth codon of the beta globin chain whereas the most common subtype of HbD i.e HbD Punjab also known as Haemoglobulin D Los Angeles (after the city where it was first discovered) is also a beta chain variant caused by a glutamic acid to glutamine substitution at codon 121 of the beta globin gene. HbS is associated with a number of compound heterozygous syndromes with other mutant beta globin which include Hemoglobin SC disease, Sickle beta+thalassemia, Sickle beta0thalassemia, Sickle alpha thalassemia, Sickle hereditary persistence of HbF (sickle HPFH), Other less common sickle cell syndrome variants (eg, delta beta0thalassemia, Hb Lepore, HbD, HbO Arab, HbE). HbSD presents as mild to moderate hemolytic anemia unlike HbD homogyzous and simple hetrozygotes which are usually asymptomatic.(3) Discussion A study done on abnormal hemoglobin variants among the major ethnic groups of Karachi in 2002 showed that 60% had iron-deficiency anemia and 40% had hemolytic anemia, of which 20.6 % was due to thalassemia major, 13% thalassemia trait, 5.1% sickle cell disease, 0.76% hemoglobin D Punjab (HbD Punjab), 0.32% hemoglobin C (HbC), and 0.22% hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) (4).Hb S is the most common Hb variant, its clinical outcome is severe in homozygous or when associated with other hemoglobinopathies, such as beta-thalassemia, Hb C or Hb D. (5). A number of studies have been done on Hb S and Hb C but Hb D is still poorly studied especially in Pakistan. Hemoglobin D has several varients such as HbD Punjab (Los Angeles), Hb D Iran, Hb D Ibadan and Hb D Bushman but the most common variant is HbD-Los Angeles (also called HbD-Punjab). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be used to separate hemoglobin polypeptide chains in the laboratory. High performance liqu id chromatography (HPLC) employs ion exchange method to identify and exchange various fractions of Hb.Hb D can be also distinguished from Hb S by acid electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing (IEF) (separation according to isoelectric points). On alkali electrophoresis (cellulose acetate) Hb D Punjab migrates slower than Hb A which is similar to HbS but its migration under acid electrophoresis (agarose gel) is similar to Hb A (6) In HbSD disease, HbD does not take part in the sickling process, as patients homozygous for HbD do not sickle but mild hemolytic anemia, mild to moderate splenomegaly may occur (7,8). Studies has indicated that although HbD itself does not polymerize, it increases the hydrophobic interaction between Hb S molecules and facilitates the polymerization of HbS thus enhancing the severity of the disease. (9) HbD heterozygotes with normal HbA have no clinical or hematologic alterations. (6) Table 1.1: Hb Electrophoresis : Test Done on high performance liquid chroma tography (HPLC) Haemoglobin Test Percentage Normal Percentage Haemoglobin A 20.7% (98-100) Haemoglobin A2 2.6% (1.5-3.5) Haemoglobin F 13% (1-2) Haemoglobin D 37.9% (0.0-0.0) Haemoglobin S 25.8% (0.0-0.0) Interpretation A+F+D+S+A2 Case Report 8 yr old, 16 kg, Kiran resident of Larkana district, presented to us on 7th April, 2015 with acute loss of consciousness and recurrent episodes of seizures for 3 days. Patient’s father reported that she was in a usual state of health 15 days back when she developed high grade intermittent fever and constant severe headache associated nausea, vomiting and neck stiffness. She was taken to a primary care hospital in Larkana and treated on the lines of viral/bacterial meningoencephalitis. During her hospital stay in Larkana she developed recurrent episodes of generalized tonic clonic seizures which were controlled by multiple antiepileptic agents. First Lumbar pucture was done on 31ST March, 2015 and CSF DR showed 21mg/dl Protein, 68 mg/dl Glucose, CSF TLC 17 and 2-3 RBC/HPF. CT was done on 31st March, 2015 showed generalized brain edema. Upon arrival in ICU Patel Hospital the patient was in a comatose condition with GCS 5/10, bilateral upgoing planters and flexor response to pain (decorticate) Patient was febrile 103F, other vitals were BP 130/90, Pulse 100, RR 28. After the child was stabilized, a thorough history, physical examination was done; initial laboratory tests, lumbar puncture, and MRI were performed. CBC showed normocytic anemia and peripheral film showed target cells, sickle cells, anisocystosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia diamorphic picture. Hb Electrophoresis was sent on hematologist advice. Patient was started on mannitol to decrease intracranial pressure and multiple antiepileptic agents for seizure prevention. ATT, bacterial and viral meningitis cover was given and CSF DR was sent on 9th April, 2015 which showed 27 mg/dl Protein, 71 mg/dl Glucose, Chloride 123 mg/dl, TLC 04 and 17 RBC/HPF. CSF fluid gram stain, culture were initially negative. AFB Culture report to follow in 6 weeks. MRI done on 8th April, 2015 showed widespread abnormal signal intensity area involving bilateral frontal and parietal lobes. Few focal hyperintense signals were identified on bilateral occipital region which may represent areas of ischemic infarction. An alternate diagnosis such as cerebral ischemia due to small infarcts/ vasculitis involving bilateral frontal and parietal lobes was sought secondary to Hb SD disease. Patient had significant improvement in GCS 10/15 with spontaneous eye opening, withdrawal on pain and few incomprehensible sounds and was shifted out of the ICU due to financial constraints. Graph 1.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography Conclusion The case demonstrates increase susceptibility to infections in Hb SD disease. Studies are seldom on Hb D in Pakistan. Genetic counceling is of pivotal role in hereditary hemoglobinopathies and hospitals should consider it as an important management strategy and employ in hospital genetic counceling facilities. Hydroxyurea used to increase Hb F levels in Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease Hb SS disease has shown efficacy by reducing the complications, frequency of transfusions and hospitalization but its role in Hb SD Punjab is not well established. A recent study in India showed reduction in incidence of vaso-occlution and frequency blood transfusions in Hb SD Punjab disease which is encouraging and more studies should be done on the management of Hb SC compound heterozygous disease. (10) References Rahimah A, Syahira Lazira O, Siti Hida HM, Faidatul Syazlin AH, Nur Aisyah A, Nik Hafidzah NM, Zubaidah Z. Haemoglobin sickle d punjab: a case report. Med J Malaysia. 2014 Feb;69(1):42-3. Birol G, Abdullah C, Cagatay U4, Sule MY, Ferda TT, Sevcan TB. ÃŽ ²-Globin chain abnormalities with coexisting ÃŽ ±-thalassemia mutations. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8, 4: 644-649. El-Kalla S, Mathews A R. HbD Punjab in the United Arab Emirates. Hemoglobin 1997;21:369-75. Ghani R,Manji MA,Ahmed N. Hemoglobinopathies among five major ethnic groups in Karachi, Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health.2002 Dec;33(4):855-61. Thom CS, Dickson CF, Gell DA, Weiss MJ. Hemoglobin variants: biochemical properties and clinical correlates. ColdSpring Harb Perspect Med. 2013;3(3):a011858.4. Torres Lde S,Okumura JV,Silva DG,Bonini-Domingos CR. Hemoglobin D-Punjab:origin,distributionand laboratory diagnosis. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter.2015 Mar-Apr;37(2):120-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Feb 23. Adekile A, Muah-AlI A, Akar NA. Does elevated hemoglobin Fmodulate the phenotype in Hb SD-Los Angeles? ActaHaematol. 2010;123(3):135–9. Taghavi Basmanj M, Karimipoor M, Amirian A, Jafarinejad M,Katouzian L, Valaei A, et al. Co-inheritance of hemoglobin D and thalassemia traits in three families: clinical relevance.Arch Iran Med. 2011;14(1):61–3. Winford CW, John NL. Wintrobes Clinical Hematology, 11th edn. Philadephia; 2004. pp. 1347-81. Patel S, Purohit P, Ranjeet SM, Dehury S, Meher S, Sahoo S,et al. The effect of hydroxyurea on compound heterozygotesfor sickle cell-hemoglobin D-Punjab—a single centreexperience in eastern India. Pediatr Blood Cancer.2014;61(8):1341–6.32.

The Civil War Essay -- American History, War

The growing decline in morale and suffrage on the Confederate home front eventually led to its collapse between 1864 and 1865. Seeing as it was the main arena for combat during the Civil War, the south felt many effects from the war (N). The prolonged war ultimately led to an economic decline and lack of resources in the Confederacy along with a negative sentiment among southerners (N). Due to the internal demise, the Confederacy could not carry on a war without the support of its home front. Beginning with the onset of the war, differences between the northern and southern economies and resources proved to be detrimental to the Confederacy (N). The north contained the majority of the factories, iron works, and railroads in the United States (N). Agriculture in the north was based on cereal crops whereas the south depended on staple crops (N). In addition, the north contained the majority of the financial assets in the United States and allowed them the ability to fight a prolonged war (N). The south, lacking economic diversity and financial affluence, could only sustain itself for so long before its economy collapsed and the effects threatened the livelihood of its home front (N). As the war continued to escalate, the south began to feel the effects of its inadequacies (N). Due to the lack of transportation resources and the blockade established by the Union, the south was unable to import and export goods needed to maintain its economy (N). The diminishing availability of goods led the Confederate government to search for alternative measures to obtain the financial support required to continue the war (N). The Confederate government decided to pass a progressive income tax and excise tax on goods (N). In additio... ...federacy that it would be too difficult to continue a long drawn out war, especially with its home front in turmoil (T 288). The Civil War was a war in which both sides, the Union and Confederacy, expected a war which would subside quickly (N). With the north having a diverse and abundant number of resources, it was able to fight the war as long as was required (N). As for the Confederacy, from the beginning, it was destined to have its hardships (N). Since most of the war was fought along the home front of the south, the south faced more disparities than the north (N). The home front ultimately played a considerable role in the collapse of the Confederacy. Furthermore, Sherman’s march and the election of 1864 contributed to the inability of the Confederacy to continue the war. The south had a good run, but in the end, its own internal turmoil failed it.

Life in the city Essay

Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the morning hundreds of people rush out of their homes in the manner ants do when their nest is broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic. Shops and offices open, students flock to their schools and the day’s work begins. The city now throb with activity, and it is full of noise. Hundreds of sight-seers, tourist and others visit many places of interest in the city while businessmen from various parts of the world arrives to transact business. Then towards evening, the offices and day schools begin to close. Many of the shops too close. There is now a rush for buses and other means of transport. Everyone seems to be in a hurry to reach home. As a result of this rush, many accidents occur. One who has not been to the city before finds it hard to move about at this time. Soon, however, there is almost no activity in several parts of city. These parts are usually the business centres. With the coming of night, another kind of activity begins. The streets are now full of colourful lights. The air is cooler and life becomes more leisurely. People now seek entertainment. Many visit the cinemas, parks and clubs, while others remain indoors to watch television or listen to the radio. Some visit friends and relatives and some spend their time reading books and magazines. Those who are interested in politics discuss the latest political developments. At the same time, hundreds of crimes are committed. Thieves and robbers who wait for the coming of night become active, and misfortune descends upon many. For the greed of a few, many are killed, and some live in constant fear. To bring criminals to justice, the officers of the law are always on the move. Workers and others who seek advancement in their careers attend educational institutions which are open till late in the night. Hundreds of them sit for various examinations every year. The facilities and opportunities that the people in the city have to further their studies and uncrease their knowledge of human affairs are indeed many. As a result, the people in the city are usually better informed than those of the village, where even a newspaper is sometimes difficult to get. The city could, therefore, be described as a place of ceaseless activity. Here, the drama of life is every day.

How the Climate Changes the Environment Essay

The American Heritage Dictionary defines the environment as â€Å"The combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development, and survival of organisms† (â€Å"Environment† 2004). The world climate affects every living organism. The climate is part of the environment. Since climatic change will affect other physical conditions, changes in the climate will affect the rest of the environment. Climate is defined by the Random House on line dictionary as â€Å"The composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. † (â€Å"Climate† 2007). In the scientific community, climate is defined as the mean weather pattern over a large time frame, such as 30 years (Helmuth, Mieszkowska, Moore, Hawkins 2006). The climate affects what organisms can survive and flourish in a given locale. For example, birds migrate south for the winter so that their environment includes a warmer climate. They migrate back during the summer so that they can enjoy a more moderate climate during those months. If this natural climate cycle changes, there may be no impetus for migration. The climate that we observe is driven by solar energy. The green house effect is a natural occurring process. Heat from the Sun is trapped by greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere. Some of this heat is re-radiated down to the surface, warming the Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, the mean temperature on the surface would be about zero degrees F. Instead, with the greenhouse effect, it is 57 degrees F (NOAA 2001). Obviously, our environment would be vastly different if the mean temperature was zero degrees F. HOW THE CLIMATE CHANGES THE ENVIRONMENT Page 2 of 5 The climate is changing. Global surface temperatures have increased by about . 6 degrees centigrade since the late 1800’s; with half the increase occurring in the last 25 years (NOAA 2001). With this increase comes a decrease of about . 3% of the artic sea ice (NOAA 2001). This is consistent with the temperature increase that has been observed. Over the next 100 years, the estimate for the mean global temperature increase varies from 2. 3 to 10. 1 degrees F. At the extreme, this would equate to a mean temperature of 67 degrees F, or an increase of 17% (Karl 2001). Computer models show that the Earth is becoming wetter and warmer. Over the next 100 years, rainfall will increase in the tropics and mid latitudes. If rainfall increases enough, then the salinity of the oceans will be reduced (Burroughs 1999). This could affect the Great Ocean Conveyor, the circulation process that brings warm water and energy from the tropical regions into the Northern Atlantic. Modeling shows that the Conveyor is very sensitive to rain water runoff from the continents. Small variations in the input of fresh water into the system may change the currents, and thus significantly alter the climate in the Americas and Europe (Burroughs 1999). The amount of impact that humans have on the climate has also been debated. For the first time, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a United Nations network, stated that global warming was â€Å"unequivocal† and caused largely by the burning of coal (Associated Press 2007). Natural agents alone cannot explain the climatic warming trend. Computer modeling has shown that a significant amount of the warming is human caused (Karl 2001). Since the temperatures are forecast to continue to increase, the amount of climatic change will also increase. HOW THE CLIMATE CHANGES THE ENVIRONMENT Page 3 of 5 The changing climate will affect the environment. Human habitation in coastal zones will be greatly affected. The forecasted temperature increase of 10 degrees F mean temperature would equate to a sea level rise, at the extreme, of about 35 inches by the year 2100 due to melting of the polar ice and runoff from the melt of glaciers (Karl 2001). A more extreme calculation puts 100 million people a year being flooded by rising sea levels by 2080 (Borenstein 2007). If the rise in temperature reaches 14 degrees F, the West Antartic ice sheet could collapse, with the resulting rise in sea level of 47 inches per century from that alone. The resulting flood would encompass a large part of Florida, including Miami, and the Atlantic seaboard. Internationally, large population centers such as Ho Chi Min City would be flooded (Burroughs 1999). Indeed, some research has shown that some fragile habitats could be even more drastically and rapidly affected. It has been shown that the environmental stresses caused to intertidal organisms by climate changes affects them faster then terrestrial organisms (Helmuth, et. al. 2006). In fact, the change in climate can lead to extermination of some intertidal organisms. If these are prey, then the environment will change for the predators, resulting in reduced populations or migration (Helmuth, et. al. 2006). The change in climate will also affect food production. In developed countries, the effect will be to a much lesser degree, at least for the foreseeable future. More food will be produced as the temperatures continue to rise. Soybean and rice yields are expected to rise in Latin America. Northern latitudes will see a longer growing season, resulting in higher output (Borenstein 2007). By 2050, the effects of the climate change on food production will be negligible (Burroughs 1999). HOW THE CLIMATE CHANGES THE ENVIRONMENT Page 4 of 5 In developing countries the effects will be much more pronounced. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has stated that the severest impact of global warming food shortages would be in the sub-Saharan countries of Africa (Pullella 2005). Lower latitudes will have reduced food production. The rapid crop development along with rising heat and the need for more water will result in lower yields (Burroughs 1999). By the year 2080, 600 million people may go hungry because of the climate change (Borenstein 2007). Those populations that can would attempt to migrate to more fertile land. This will place an economic and political strain on the nations that are losing population and those who would accept these environmental refugees. Large scale movements of populations would place a burden on the food supplies on neighboring countries, possibly affecting the food production. A true risk of local overpopulation would exist, changing the environment for all who reside there. Water shortages are also a threat in the developing nations. In less than 20 years, hundreds of millions of Africans and tens of millions of Latin Americans will be short of water. By 2080, the water shortages may effect up to 3. 2 billion people (Borenstein 2007). The sea level rise will also affect the quality of water. Saline intrusion, contamination of water supplies, and the need for an increased water supply for agriculture to offset the temperature change all will have a negative impact (Burroughs 1999). The climate change will also affect the health and welfare of both human and other organism’s populations. With the change in the environment there will come a change in distribution of insect carried diseases (Burroughs 1999). There has already been a resurgence of malaria world-wide over the past 20 years. By 2100, due to the change of climate, malaria is expected to affect 50-80 million more people a year. The distribution of malaria will extend into HOW THE CLIMATE CHANGES THE ENVIRONMENT Page 5 of 5 Eurasia, Northeastern Canada, all of Australia, and even into the southern coast of Alaska and the coastal regions of the northwestern United States and Canada (Burroughs 1999). Higher temperatures not only increase the insects range and numbers, but also how often they bite and how infectious they are (Burroughs 1999). Other insect borne diseases will extend their range. Dengue, also carried by mosquitoes, will extend into non-endemic areas. Rodents will also extend their ranges and bring insects that carry diseases like the Plague and Hantavirus with them. The warmer temperatures will reduce the rodent’s mortality, further increasing the spread of disease (Burroughs 1999). Lyme disease will also have an increased range of occurrence as the ticks responsible are able to survive in a larger habitat (Burroughs 1999). Other diseases will also flourish. As the amount of water is reduced in developing countries, diseases such as cholera and diphtheria will become more prevalent. Increased exposure to ultraviolet light will cause an increase in the occurrence of skin cancer, ocular disease, and weakened immune systems (Burroughs 1999). The changing climate will indeed change the environment on a global scale. All aspects of the environment, from insect range to food production, sea level to water supply, will be affected in some way. These changes will be far more pronounced in developing nations then developed ones. The ability to adapt to these changes will also be affected by the economic status of the nations involved. References Associated Press. (2007, February 28). Scientists Urge Global Action On Clean Energy. New York Times, p. A8. Borenstein, S. (2007). Warming Report to Warn of Coming Drought. Retrieved March 11, 2007, from Yahoo! News. Website: http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070311/ap_on_sc/climate_report